Role of Vitamin and Calcium in Bone Formation

Question: Discuss about theRole of Vitamin and Calcium in Bone Formation. Answer: Function of Calcium and Vitamin D: Calcium is a mineral that is actually the building blocks of bone and takes part in maintaining the bone strength throughout the lifetime of an individual (Rubin, Weiss James, 2013). However calcium can only reach its potential in bone building activity if only vitamin S is present. Vitamin mainly helps the body to absorb calcium. thereby they coordinate among themselves that is calcium helps in building bones and vitamin helps the body in absorbing calcium. Sources: Calcium is obtained from reduced fat or skimmed milk, low fat fruity yogurt, calcium fortified juice, Swiss cheese and calcium fortified certain cereals. Vitamin D is obtained from sunlight. Besides it is also obtained from Vitamin D fortified milk, fatty fish as well as egg yolks ("Vitamin D", 2017). Deficiency: Nutrients like vitamin D along with magnesium and phosphorus help in calcium absorption and therefore it deficient in turn leads to dietary calcium deficiency as the calcium cannot be absorbed (Yong, 2016). Moreover, lack of vitamin D in diet along with lack of exposure to sunlight causes osteomalacia or rickets in children resulting in softening of bones. It results in impairment in bone mineralization and bone damage. Also results in the When there is inadequate calcium intake, the calcium stores in the body will eventually deplete. This will result in the weakening of the bones as well as osteoporosis. References: Rubin, R. P., Weiss, G. B., James Jr, W. (2013).Calcium in biological systems. Springer Science Business Media. Vitamin D. (2017).Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/vitamin-d Yong, T. Y. (Ed.). (2016).Recent Advances in Geriatric Medicine: Chronic Diseases in Geriatric Patients(Vol. 1). Bentham Science Publishers.

Hide seek poem analysis Essay Example

Hide seek poem analysis Essay The poems first two lines are very childlike and give the impression of an innocent game of hide and seek. The alliteration of the s sound in line two sets a seaside scene. Line three, however, plants a seed of doubt in my mind. The phrase salty dark is a little suspect and shady, it makes me think that something isnt perhaps as it first seems. The next line reads But be careful that your feet arent sticking out, this line returns to a jovial and childlike tone once again. It forms a perfect rhyming couplet with the next line Wiser not to make another shout. The floor is cold, this touches once again on the more ominous feel of the verse, but again, the cheerful pitch of the poem returns with Whatever happens you mustnt sneeze. Then the line continues When they come prowling in prowling is a rather sombre choice of word and once again the doubt is back.. And there they are, whispering at the door, Youve never heard them so hushed before. Dont breathe. Dont move. Stay dumb. Hide in your blindness. Theyre moving closer, someone stutters, mutters. Their words and laughter scuffle; and theyre gone. These few lines are very dramatic and assure us that there is definitely something foreboding with this seemingly usual game of hide and seek that opened the poem. Vernon Scannett uses several short, punchy sentences for impact and they make the poem sound panicked and very tense. It is now as though the person is desperately hiding from an enemy rather than just playing a game with peers. It is as though the person has suddenly realised something about the people who are looking for him. The next lines are as if the person is trying to reassure himself that everything is going to be fine. We will write a custom essay sample on Hide seek poem analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hide seek poem analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hide seek poem analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It seems a long time since they went away. Your legs are stiff, the cold bites through your coat. The dark damp smell of sand moves in your throat. These three lines are particularly chilling and quite disturbing. The reference to stiff legs conjures up a corpse-like picture in my mind. The phrase about cold biting through the coat is menacing and sets a dark scene. The choking imagery is also very unpleasant, and portrays an image of death. Its time to let them know you are the winner. Push off the sacks. Uncurl and stretch. Thats better. This, to me sounds like a last ditch attempt to stay positive and convince oneself that everything will be fine. The darkening garden watches. Nothing stirs. The bushes hold their breath; the sun is gone. Yes, here you are. But where are they who sought you? The poem opened with an instruction Call out and ends with a question But where are those who sought you? This demonstrates very well how the tone was incredibly certain and positive at the beginning. However the confidence gradually fades away as the realisation of abandonment occurs, and the poem ends on a note of intense fear and anxiety. The poem is obviously not merely about a childhood game but has a deeper and more symbolic meaning. It could, for example, be interpreted as being about life in a Godless universe. The child is a Christian and believes that God will always be with them. God will find them, like the story of the lost sheep, wherever they go or hide. The child in the poem could symbolise a Christian, convinced and confident of being found, no matter where he is. Then doubt creeps in and realisation occurs, e.g. And there they are: whispering at the door; Youve never heard them so hushed before. From this point forward the seeker is portrayed as the enemy. The setting of the poem now changes to a dark, cold and unpleasant place to be as solitude sets in. For the child this place is the tool shed, but for the Christian it could be the world without God governing it. The darkening garden watches. Nothing stirs. The bushes hold their breath; the sun is gone. These two lines support my theory; the garden is relevant to Christianity, because of the garden of Eden. Also the sun is gone could have a parallel meaning Jesus, the son of God is gone from the Christians life. Perhaps the message of the poem is that we cannot hide from God and expect him to find us. In order to be a true Christian, we must fully embrace God into our lives, not renounce him. Only if we actively seek and welcome God into our lives will we be assured a life of contentment, free from the fear of solitude.

How does Haddon use colour to the tell story in Curious Incident of the dog in the night-time Essay Example

How does Haddon use colour to the tell story in Curious Incident of the dog in the night How does Haddon use colour to the tell story in Curious Incident of the dog in the night-time Essay How does Haddon use colour to the tell story in Curious Incident of the dog in the night-time Essay The curious incident of the dog in the nighttime, tells the story through the perspective of Christopher, a character with Aspergers syndrome. Part of Christophers condition is that he does not understand linguistic techniques such as a metaphors; he does not understand the emotional connotations behind descriptions that you would find in texts such as poetry. Thus through his narrative you would expect the story to be simple descriptions with no symbolism. However the use of colour, does create a mood, which the reader can interpret even if Christopher does not when he reports what he has seen. For example at the beginning of the story, Christopher opens with describing when he found the dead dog. He describes the dog as being pale yellow like chicken. Whilst Christopher is merely making a comparison between the colour of the dog and the chicken, Haddon cleverly creates a mood. The reader would be able to associate yellow with disease. Thus through use of colour Haddon creates imagery, which the reader can interpret, but which also Christopher can report as it is factual unlike a metaphor. The descriptions of colour not only create a mood throughout the story but also allow us to form some sort of judgement or have insight in to the other characters. For example whilst Christopher merely observes Mrs Shears wearing pink nail varnish as readers without AS we can interpret that Mrs Shears is feminine and perhaps vain. Similarly, Siobhan is described as wearing green glasses, which creates the impression of her being lively, and slightly non-conformist. The contrast of characters helps demonstrate the diversity of the different characters without Christopher making a judgement of them himself. Another element of Christophers condition is that he likes everything to be ordered, and colours are one way in which he likes ordering things. For example he dislikes the colour yellow and likes the colour red. Colour continually recurs in the descriptions of the food he eats. Thus helps maintain the impression of order, and the continuity of Christophers character. Continually through each chapter, no matter the events preceding, Christopher routinely describes the food he eats for his three meals a day. This helps not present Christophers like for order but represents how he remains detached and cool; no matter the circumstances he does not become emotionally involved. For example after discovering your dad has lied about your mother, Christopher clearly goes through emotional trauma demonstrated by his vomiting he still remembers exactly what food he packs in his lunch box. Others without As in such circumstances would not be thinking logically in the same way as Christopher as w e would be too distracted. Here colour demonstrates that this order is part of Christophers very being and his daily life. It also, like the chapters throughout the stories, links the events happening in Christophers life to Christophers condition. Interestingly, whilst the mention of colours is resembled throughout, Christophers attitude to them changes. Whilst, at the beginning there is a continual report of the good Christopher eats, towards the end Christopher is forced to wear for example yellow shorts. This technique cleverly symbolises how before Christophers world was ordered but has now been turned upside down; He is wearing yellow shorts where before having to wear yellow shorts would have been a huge issue. This symbolism is similar to when Christophers father bangs the table and Christophers food, clearly defined colours mixes. The emphasise that colours play a huge part in also symbolising other developments in the story. As already stated colour clearly plays an important part in Christophers life; throughout the story many of the progressing decisions Christopher makes are based on his good days and bad days. Good days are whenever Christopher sees more than three cars than red, bad days are when he sees yellow cars. He states Because it was a good day I decided I would try and who killed Wellington . The decision to investigate who killed Wellington seems dependant on the colour of a car which seems ludicrous. Yet it creates interest because it allows Christopher to break out his boring mundane life and constantly reminds the reader of Christophers condition. Overall colours allow Christopher to express his emotions. Part of his AS condition is that does understand the complexity of human emotions nor does he like them; He likes everything to be rooted to factual evidence thus explaining his like for colours which are empirical information. However, demonstrated throughout the play he does not lack the ability to feel emotions. For example when he believes his mother to be in hospital, he colours red cars on a card to make it a super super happy day for her. Whilst he does explain or possibly understand feeling of compassion or care for his mother, the fact that he paints her something which associated with happiness demonstrates he does possess these feelings. Thus is makes the reader feel sympathy and empathy with and also engages our interest in to his character and condition. Furthermore, the reiterating themes of colours not only convey structure of our life but generally allows us to know how Christopher. The colours create imagery like they would in a normal novel. For example, we know that when Christopher describes himself going home and eating broccoli it creates the atmosphere of relaxation, it is something which Christopher enjoys even thought Christopher himself does not state I feel relaxed I feel happy. So overall colours play an important part in the story. They constantly remind us of how Christopher perceives the world and allow us to experience in a structured manner the way he does. However they also allow an atmosphere to be created whilst it is not intentional through Christophers. They also portray the structure of Christophers life when he is reasonably content to when like his system for colours, his life is no longer organised or the transgression from christophers life of normality until after finding the dog (typical in all novels). They also allow us insight in to Christophers own emotions that he himself cannot intentionally communicate due to his condition and colours we associated with Christophers happiness create an atmosphere.

Who do you think you are Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who do you think you are - Essay Example Further, as far as my future life is concerned, I must enroll myself in courses that give a good value and which make me feel proud of who I am. Another aspect of my personality is that my confidence has always been at its top level. It has made me realize that nothing in life is unachievable and one needs to go out there and work his best to find out the success that is hidden. The right skills that I possess make me feel confident with every passing day and for this reason my goals become attainable. My future considerations get strengthened with the confidence that has been fed in my personality and which allows me to give my best no matter how tough or trying the circumstances turn out to be. I see a number of opportunities coming up for me in the future which is something that is a plus at any time. Adding to the aspects that are significant within my personality make-up, I am having good physical health which is a definite plus as well. It gives me a solid chance to perform at my very best within my work domains and live my life to the maximum. Since everyone wishes to live a long life, my desire is the same nonetheless. I believe if I remain fit and healthy, nothing can take away the happiness that I have. I am a friendly individual who believes in social behavior to the maximum possible levels. I am good at making friends with people and get along with them quickly. This is one of my biggest strengths and I enjoy it a lot. My personal life is made richer with so many friends around me. It helps me to find out the real side of me that I have. I call them, invite them to go and hang out with me and thus have fun with them all this while. It is a face that some or the other friend is always around me and hence I enjoy their company a lot. What is important here is that I am always available to them whenever they need me. In the end, my profession is that of a registered nurse. As I have

The Feminist Critique and the Postmodern Challenge to Anthropology Essay

The Feminist Critique and the Postmodern Challenge to Anthropology - Essay Example Feminism, as an ideal, is the collection of movements, associations, groupings and or establishments that aim at defending, defining and establishing equality in the spheres of social rights, politics and the economy; this pertaining to women. In addition, the ideal promotes the creation and provision of equal opportunities for women in both education and also in employment. Thus, a feminist is a person who’s behavioral and belief systems are based on the ideal of feminism (Fruzzetti 39). From the afore-mentioned feminist movements, associations and groupings emerged the Feminist theory, which aimed at understanding the causes and reasons for the presence of gender inequality. This understanding was based on the examination of women lived experiences and social roles throughout history and into the contemporary 21st Century. From it emerged different theories that touched on a variety of disciplines; this so as to respond and subsequently address issues such as the social cons truct of gender and sex. Some earlier forms of the theory received criticism for their taking into consideration only educated, white middle-class perspectives. As a result, of this criticism, was the creation of multi-culturalist and/ or ethnically-specific forms of the theory (Cott 73). Feminists campaign on the platform of ‘Women’s Rights’ – bodily integrity, reproductive rights (including access to abortion and contraceptives), women’s suffrage, equal pay, right to property and entry into contracts (contract law), and also voting. They seek to protect girls and women from domestic violence, sexual assaults and harassments among other violations. Due to its radical nature, this ideal has attracted its share of both criticism and blessings; this in the form of pro-feminism and anti-feminism ideologies. Feminism and Anthropology As a result of the feminist critique to anthropology, the approach – Feminist anthropology – emerged. It so ught to study cultural anthropology and correct the perceived andro-centric bias within the field. Its origin can be traced to early anthropologists such as E.E. Evans-Pritchard and James Frazer, who both displayed much interest in the notions of marriage and kinship. Women would thus, always appear in their ethnographies. Henrietta Moore, who is a prominent theorist in (the school of thought of) feminist anthropology, though of the opinion that women had been included in anthropological research and theory, was of the view that the problem was not the presence of women in anthropology, but in its representation, interpretation and understanding (Bratton10). According to her, it is how women are included in anthropology that matters. Thus, the challenge, then, was to avail new critical analysis on the existing anthropological literature, including creation of new research that placed the ‘Woman’ in the centre of it. This led to the emergence of self-conscious feminist a nthropology in the 1970s; this as a series of challenges to the male-dominated and biased anthropology. Rayna Rapp, in her work - Toward an Anthropology of Women (1975), was one of the earliest contributors to this emerging school. She argued that women and men experience gender differently; this in reference to the myriad of social markers. The experiences of women were in themselves a legitimate subject for

Strategies to Solve Economic Issues

Strategies to Solve Economic Issues INTRODUCTION Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behaviour of individual households and firms in making decisions on the allocation of limited resources and studies individual prices. It also analyses demand and supply of labour and analyses demand and supply of goods. Economics is a science that studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. It also the study of how men use limited resources in order to satisfy their unlimited wants and how human beings make choices to use scarce resources to satisfy QUESTION 1 1. Three basic economics problem and how the how the different economic systems solve the economic problems. There are three basic economics problem. The first one is ‘what’ which mean what to do produce due to limited resources that have and what should the economy produce in order to satisfy consumer wants. For example, a company want to produce laptop or hand phone which both have their own function or use to consumer or user which refer that maximises consumer satisfaction then the economy is allocatively efficient. Second one is ‘how will’ which mean the quantities to produce due the demand from consumer or user and due to the population with resources that available because it one of an economy achieves productive efficiency if it produces goods using the least resources possible. For example, many consumer or user want buy hand phone than laptop, so the company should produce hand phone more due the demand from consumer or user. Lastly, ‘to whom’ which mean to distribution, depend on the distribution of income and depend on who want to pay or should the economy produce goods targeted towards those who have high incomes or those who have low incomes and what sort of demographic group should the goods in the economy that are produced be targeted toward. For example, consumer or users that are willing and be able to pay or buy the produce that they want. So, with if all three problems are addressed at any one time then the economy has achieved static efficiency. If the economy achieves static efficiency over a period of time then it is dynamically efficient. All these problems are focused around the problem of unlimited wants and limited resources which resources are the factors of production such as labour, capital, technology and land which are used to produce the products that satisfy the wants. There are also how the different economic systems solve the economic problems. Different societies have performed these economic functions, and sought to achieve technical and allocatively efficiency, in different ways. These ways can be classified as different economic systems. The first new economic system was Capitalism or the market system. However, early capitalism left many people in poverty, while competitive markets decayed into monopolies. In response, social reformers developed alternative economic systems. Fascism and Socialism attempted to fix capitalism with a dose of government participation. Communism simply sought to overthrow capitalism. It was a struggle between the invisible hand of free markets and the visible hand of the command (planned) economy. 2. Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost Scarcity refers to resources that are not enough meet all wants which it want always exceed limited resources to satisfy society. In other words, human beings have unlimited wants which there is never such a time that a human being is satisfied and not in need of anything. It also refer to the fundamental economic problem, and all economic activities revolve around trying to solve this problem and the other sides, a good which is usable but in abundant supply may not qualify to be called an economic good. For example, air and water are just ‘goods’ in the sense that they are readily available and cannot be deemed to be scarce. Then, another concept in economics is that know as choice. Choice comes about as a result of scarcity, and in a way, choice is informed by these circumstances. Since human wants are unlimited and resources limited, it emerges that one cannot be able to practically meet all their wants at any one time and because of this, it becomes inevitable for someone to choose between the many unlimited wants which one o satisfy at any given moment. Since you make a choice of doing something, or fulfilling a certain want, it turns out that at any one time, there is a certain want that you have to ignore, or forego, in order to fulfil another want. For example, you were deciding to grow carrot or potatoes which one of them will become the option to be foregone. After that, the option that has been foregone is usually called an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost refers to second best alternative that has to forgone for another choice which give more satisfaction. For example, if you decide to grow carrots, your opportunity cost is the alternative crop that might have been grown instead potatoes. 3. Four assumption in draw a production possibility curve (PPC) PPC is A graphical representation  of the alternative combinations  of the  amounts  of two  goods  or  services  that an  economy can  produce  by transferring  resources  from one good or  service  to the other which can helps in determining what  quantity  of a nonessential good or a service an economy can afford to produce without jeopardizing the  required  production  of an  essential good  or service. It also can be called as transformation curve. There are four assumption in draw a PPC : Produced only two goods only Fixed amount of resources Full employment Constant technology Example curve of PPC There are also factors that can influence the PPC curve to shift. The first one is changes in the resources or factor of production. The influences are divided to two shift which refers to, shifting to the right which means increasing in PPC and shifting to the left which means decreasing in PPC. For example is shown at below. Chicken Fish Assume: i. PPC1 and PPC2: Discovery of new resources in Chicken and Fish. ii. PPC3: Decreasing in resources. The second one is changes in the level of technology. For example is shown at below. Chicken PPC2 PPC1 Fish Assume: i. PPC1 and PPC2: Technology advancement in Fish only. The third one is changes in economic condition which economic growth or economic recession. The influences are divided to two shifts which refer to, shifting to the right which means increasing in PPC and shifting to the left which means decreasing in PPC. For example is shown at below. Chicken Fish Assume: i. PPC1 and PPC2: Economic growth in the country ii. PPC3: Economic recession in the country. Lastly, changes in the number of population. The influences are also divided to two shifts which refer to, shifting to the right which means increasing in PPC and shifting to the left which means decreasing in PPC. For example is shown at below. Chicken Fish Assume: i. PPC1 and PPC2: Increasing in the country population. ii. PPC3: Decreasing in the country population. 4.Three type of profit with diagrams and short run monopoly Monopoly is a type of market in which there is a seller and large number of buyers. It also refers to selling products that have no close substitution and have a high entry and exit barrier. There are example for this monopoly in Malaysia such as TNB and JBA. There also characteristics for monopoly. The first one is one seller and large number of buyer which monopoly exist when there is only firm exist which selling a product which has no close substitute. Next is no close substitution which monopoly firm would sell a product which has no close substitute. Then, restriction of entry of new firms which in monopoly market, there are strict barriers to the entry of new firm. Lastly, advertising in monopoly market depends on the types of product sold.

Chapter 11 Problems

I. Payback period computation; even cash flows Compute the payback period for each of the following two separate investments (round the payback period to two decimals): 1. A new operating system for an existing machine is expected to cost $260,000 and have a useful life of five years. The system yields an incremental after-tax income of $75,000 each year after deducting its straight-line depreciation. The predicted salvage value of the system is $10,000. Payback period=Cost of investment/ Annual net cash flow =$260,000/ $125,000 =2. 08 years Annual depreciation= $260,000 -$10,000 / 5 = $50,000 Annual after tax income $75,000 Depreciation 50,000 Annual net cash flow$125,000 2. A machine costs $190,000, has a $10,000 salvage value, is expected to last nine years, and will generate an after-tax income of $30,000 per year after straight-line depreciation. Payback period=Cost of investment/ Annual net cash flow =$190,000/ $50,000 =3. 8 years Annual depreciation= $190,000 -$10,000 / 9 = $2 0,000 Annual after tax income $30,000 + Depreciation 20,000 Annual net cash flow$50,000 II. Payback period computation; uneven cash flows Wenro Company is considering the purchase of an asset for $90,000. It is expected to produce the following net cash flows.The cash flows occur evenly throughout each year. Compute the payback period for this investment. Part of year= Amount paid back in year 4/ Net cash flows in year 4 = $10,000 / $60,000 = 0. 167 Payback period=3 + 0. 167 = 3. 1367 years = 3yrs 2 mos. III. Accounting Rate of Return A machine costs $500,000 and is expected to yield an after-tax net income of $15,000 each year. Management predicts this machine has a 10-year service life and a $100,000 salvage value, and it uses straight-line depreciation. Compute this machine’s accounting rate of return. Average investment=$500,000 + $100,000 / 2 $300,000 Accounting rate of return=$15,000 / $300,000 = 5% IV. Computing Net Present Value K2B Company is considering the purchase of equipment that would allow the company to add a new product to its line. The equipment is expected to cost $240,000 with a 12-year life and no salvage value. It will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The company expects to sell 96,000 units of the equipment’s product each year. The expected annual income related to this equipment follows. K2B concludes that the investment must earn at least an 8% return. Compute the net present value of this investment. Round the net present value to the nearest dollar. ) Net cash flows from net income 1. Payback period=$240,000 / $44,500 = 5. 39 years 2. Accounting rate of return=$24,500 / $120,000 = 20. 42% V. Net Present Value Interstate Manufacturing is considering either replacing one of its old machines with a new machine or having the old machine overhauled. Information about the two alternatives follows. Management requires a 10% rate of return on its investments. Alternative 1: Keep the old machine and have it overhauled. If the old machine is overhauled, it will be kept for another five years and then sold for its salvage value. 1.Determine the net present value of alternative 1. Keep the old machine and have it overhauled Alternative 2: Sell the old machine and buy a new one. The new machine is more efficient and will yield substantial operating cost savings with more products being produced and sold. 2. Determine the net present value of alternative 2. Sell the old machine and buy a new one 3. Which alternative do you recommend that management select? Explain. Interstate should keep the old machine and overhaul it. The cost savings and additional revenue generated on the new machine are not enough to overcome the high initial cost of the new machine.